Bridges minea ....... | Engineering, engineering, materials, papers, development
To bridge perceived minea with all its merits, it is necessary to be provided with an overview suitable overall visibility. The situation of urban bridges is determined by the urban planning, minea communication and others. considerations. minea The distance m / u two local bridge is calculated so as to prevent excessive concentration and a communication overload. The distance m / t two city bridges must be maximum - 400 m. In communication terms, the bridge must meet several REQUIREMENTS:
The main communication problem in a city bridge are intersections to which he was discharged, and the number of flowing arteries. minea When their number is more than three requires construction of elliptical or circular island and organization of peripheral movement.
The bridge should be possible shorter, suggesting that the route is straight, intersecting at right angles to the pan and then in a narrow section. Inclined track bridge allowed only communication considerations. The banks must be healthy, sustainable and adequate height for naturally provide navigable size. The bridge must be situated in the straight minea sections of the riverbed, the turn requires strengthening. Arcuate path unsuited for suspension systems.
The dividing line should be at least 1.5-3.0 m wide, and there kolelootblaskvashti minea boards. To ensure the safety of the bridge pedestrian sidewalk is raised to 25-30 cm, while the curb 50 cm (from the canvas). Its width should be at least 1.50 meters for urban and 0.75 meters (emergency) for rural bridges. When the train. Bridges with L> 100 m in 50 m checkered must anticipate and playgrounds - havens.
In the combination of road and rail transport lanes can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically track with split or unified structure, minea with or without cantilever issue.
For urban conditions, however storey bridges are generally undesirable. They increase the height to be negotiated by pedestrians difficult to connect with the environment require complex bridgehead minea units and so on..
For the cross section of the bridge have meaning and width and the number of struts. They lead to sediments, vortices passed that route when arched narrow waterway opening. The width of the bridge has a structural significance, especially in suspension systems. To provide lateral stability, it should be at least 1.5 to 1.7% of the maximum aperture.
b) necessary to ensure the upliftment podmostovi gauges. The reduction, which is sometimes accomplished by a concave curve is not technically necessary, but is done in order to reduce the height of the pillars; c) the estimated construction speed and neodymium visibility; d) the weight of the transport unit and the type of surface.
and / convex minea - to increase podmostovite gauges; b / concave - on reducing the height of the supports; in / combined; d / with or without trestle (or embankment) to overcome the dispenser trays, to elevate the low coast, where necessary osiguryavanena craft gauge and so on..
d) for pedestrians (in gangways) the slope can reach 10-20% The higher the slope is preferably to be made stairs, not ramps. The minimum slope is 0.5%. It is needed for drainage. Longitudinal profile of the bridge plays an essential role in its architectural composition.
a) for cars with small streets H = 4.50 to 5.00 m; b) for cars in urban thoroughfares H = 5.50 m; c) zhp.transport plain thrust H = 5.55 m in width from 4.9 to 5.0 meters, while double minea line to 9 -10 m; d) train. electric powered transport, including tram, H = 6.30 to 6.50 m; e) train. electric powered transport in the area of the station H = 6.5 -7.0 m.
Podmostovite minea gauge for waterfowl moving many variables limits and necessary classification navigability of waterways and then the vessels in tonnage and dimensions.
When the bridge can not satisfy navigable dimensions (eg in lower coast), must be analyzed and other variants of bridges - a moving part ie increasing the convex curve of the longitudinal profile combined with a narrowing of the vessel track.
2. Central composition, which are usually the center - large 1.2 or 3 holes. For applications where some of the holes are brought different requirements (napr.gabariti for water transport). minea It provides the widest diversity and can be: Sime-in distribution - in equivalent in relief, height and construction (wooded-ing) banks and central positioning of the pan, or asymmetrical-in distribution - in reverse cases. In asymmetrical bowl, the center of the composition successfully shifted to bluff, because there the bed is deeper.
3. Horizontal composition - used in urban high in October
To bridge perceived minea with all its merits, it is necessary to be provided with an overview suitable overall visibility. The situation of urban bridges is determined by the urban planning, minea communication and others. considerations. minea The distance m / u two local bridge is calculated so as to prevent excessive concentration and a communication overload. The distance m / t two city bridges must be maximum - 400 m. In communication terms, the bridge must meet several REQUIREMENTS:
The main communication problem in a city bridge are intersections to which he was discharged, and the number of flowing arteries. minea When their number is more than three requires construction of elliptical or circular island and organization of peripheral movement.
The bridge should be possible shorter, suggesting that the route is straight, intersecting at right angles to the pan and then in a narrow section. Inclined track bridge allowed only communication considerations. The banks must be healthy, sustainable and adequate height for naturally provide navigable size. The bridge must be situated in the straight minea sections of the riverbed, the turn requires strengthening. Arcuate path unsuited for suspension systems.
The dividing line should be at least 1.5-3.0 m wide, and there kolelootblaskvashti minea boards. To ensure the safety of the bridge pedestrian sidewalk is raised to 25-30 cm, while the curb 50 cm (from the canvas). Its width should be at least 1.50 meters for urban and 0.75 meters (emergency) for rural bridges. When the train. Bridges with L> 100 m in 50 m checkered must anticipate and playgrounds - havens.
In the combination of road and rail transport lanes can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically track with split or unified structure, minea with or without cantilever issue.
For urban conditions, however storey bridges are generally undesirable. They increase the height to be negotiated by pedestrians difficult to connect with the environment require complex bridgehead minea units and so on..
For the cross section of the bridge have meaning and width and the number of struts. They lead to sediments, vortices passed that route when arched narrow waterway opening. The width of the bridge has a structural significance, especially in suspension systems. To provide lateral stability, it should be at least 1.5 to 1.7% of the maximum aperture.
b) necessary to ensure the upliftment podmostovi gauges. The reduction, which is sometimes accomplished by a concave curve is not technically necessary, but is done in order to reduce the height of the pillars; c) the estimated construction speed and neodymium visibility; d) the weight of the transport unit and the type of surface.
and / convex minea - to increase podmostovite gauges; b / concave - on reducing the height of the supports; in / combined; d / with or without trestle (or embankment) to overcome the dispenser trays, to elevate the low coast, where necessary osiguryavanena craft gauge and so on..
d) for pedestrians (in gangways) the slope can reach 10-20% The higher the slope is preferably to be made stairs, not ramps. The minimum slope is 0.5%. It is needed for drainage. Longitudinal profile of the bridge plays an essential role in its architectural composition.
a) for cars with small streets H = 4.50 to 5.00 m; b) for cars in urban thoroughfares H = 5.50 m; c) zhp.transport plain thrust H = 5.55 m in width from 4.9 to 5.0 meters, while double minea line to 9 -10 m; d) train. electric powered transport, including tram, H = 6.30 to 6.50 m; e) train. electric powered transport in the area of the station H = 6.5 -7.0 m.
Podmostovite minea gauge for waterfowl moving many variables limits and necessary classification navigability of waterways and then the vessels in tonnage and dimensions.
When the bridge can not satisfy navigable dimensions (eg in lower coast), must be analyzed and other variants of bridges - a moving part ie increasing the convex curve of the longitudinal profile combined with a narrowing of the vessel track.
2. Central composition, which are usually the center - large 1.2 or 3 holes. For applications where some of the holes are brought different requirements (napr.gabariti for water transport). minea It provides the widest diversity and can be: Sime-in distribution - in equivalent in relief, height and construction (wooded-ing) banks and central positioning of the pan, or asymmetrical-in distribution - in reverse cases. In asymmetrical bowl, the center of the composition successfully shifted to bluff, because there the bed is deeper.
3. Horizontal composition - used in urban high in October
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